Exness For Profit

Professional accounts

Forex market, CFD and cryptocurrency trading involves high risks and is not suitable for everyone. Trade knowing your financial data is protected. For added convenience, we’ve pre installed Chrome and a selection of other applications to help you get started right away. Risk warning: Remember that forex and CFDs available at Exness are leveraged products and can result in the loss of your entire capital. Great Britain Pound vs US Dollar. In most cases in forex, a pip is the fourth decimal place of a quotation. Access diverse financial markets and real time execution to trade anytime, anywhere. Plan strategies with signals that incorporate various analytical approaches. Understanding the intricacies of fund withdrawal is crucial for traders, as it directly impacts their ability to access their earnings swiftly and securely. Is a Securities Intermediary registered in Curaçao with registration number 1486980 and authorized by the Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten CBCS with license number 0003LSI. Ultimately, traders should consider their personal preferences for regulation and security when deciding between Exness or Deriv. For any other support, feel free to contact me by replying to this email. Your capital is at risk, please trade responsibly. Select “Demo Account” and fill in the required information, including your name and email address. However, it’s essential to visit the broker’s official website for clarification on the specific jurisdictions the broker accepts clients. While it does have filters to switch between them, it would be great to see a dedicated educational portal or academy section where Exness could build out its related content as it remains thin compared to the best brokers in this category. The information on this website may only be copied with the express written permission of Exness.

Exness Consulting – What The Heck Is That?

Exness forex0 4

These products come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage and thus are not appropriate for all investors. The question now is whether it is also cheaper than the Pro account. Trading volume per quarter$2亿. Take advantage of the most popular technical indicators used by traders of all levels. E​xness SC Ltd is also authorized as an Over The Counter Derivatives Provider ODP by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority FSCA in South Africa. To successfully trade XAUUSD, a thorough analysis of the spread is paramount. Failure to meet the margin call can result in forced liquidation stop out of the trader’s positions by the brokerage. Zero spread for top 30 instruments 95% of the day but can also be zero spread for other trading instruments 50% of the day depending on market volatility, with floating spread during key periods such as economic news and rollovers. Once you have installed, please proceed to running Exness MetaTrader 4 by selecting the software Icon on your computer desk or in the Windows “Start” menu. The registered office of Exness B. However, we found this app to be somewhere different from other apps we have seen as it kept information displayed about strategy providers to what you should care most about such as risk and profit rate. Due to the complexity of the way this level of trading works, it can easily liquify a beginner’s brokerage account in a very short period of time.

Make The Most Out Of Exness

Exness Reviews

This is an essential step, as it ensures that the request is correctly logged into Exness‘s system. From its inception, Exness has built a reputation for transparency and integrity. FX trading is of high risk and may not be suitable for all investors. Funds left in an archived account will remain, but the account must be reactivated to restore its transaction options. 0 pips during both the London and New York trading sessions, beating the industry average of 1. General Risk Warning: CFDs are leveraged products. This means that Exness can offer a no dealing desk NDD execution model, similar to that of many ECN brokers. Once a trader makes a deposit, they gain access to a wide variety of market products.

7 Amazing Exness Hacks

Pricing

MetaTrader 4 and MetaTrader 5. Box 4301, Road town, Tortola, BVI. Risk Warning: Our services relate to complex derivative products which are traded outside an exchange. Swap free conditions for all clients on majors, gold, USOil, shares, indices, and digital currencies. Approaching customer support with a clear understanding of the problem and any relevant information can greatly improve the chances of a successful resolution. For over 10 years we consider our independence, absolute openness, and objectivity as our main priority. Margin charged = Lots x contract size / leverage. If you’re a scalper or algorithmic trader, a Zero account might be a good choice. Raw Spread accounts are suited to experienced traders who want ultra low, stable spreads. ¹At Exness, 95% of withdrawals are processed instantly under 1 minute. Yes, Exness makes two partnership options available. When selecting an alternative broker, US traders should consider key features like regulatory compliance, customer support, trading costs, platform functionality, and educational resources. Whether it’s adjusting your currency preferences, leverage, or registered address, always ensure accuracy and follow the necessary steps to avoid any issues. Leverage can make losses worse than they would’ve been without leverage, but it doesn’t cause them. Alternatively, you can skip this and learn how to start trading with Exness Trade. Enjoy this user friendly and reliable mobile trading app with time tested features such as top trading indicators, standard charts, analytical tools and more, fit for all trading levels and online trading strategies. It is widely accessible to many traders, although it may involve longer processing times. The registered office of Exness B. Confirm the Deposit: Review the deposit details and confirm the transaction. The registered office of Exness B. Bảo đảm tính minh bạch và an toàn tài chính. Exness VG Ltd is authorised by the Financial Services Commission FSC in BVI with registration number 2032226 and investment business licence number SIBA/L/20/1133. Your prompt assistance in processing this request is highly appreciated. Represents the difference in cost between the buy and sell price at the time of trade entry. The entities above are duly authorized to operate under the Exness brand and trademarks. The registered office of Exness VG Ltd is at Trinity Chambers, P. By matching your account to your registered identity, Exness can safely use rapid payment systems and channels when you deposit or withdraw.

Learn Exactly How I Improved Exness In 2 Days

Financial Instruments Offered

Get your orders executed in milliseconds on all available platforms at Exness. The following tools are provided by RoboForex RoboMarkets: Daily Market Commentary, Stock Charts, Foreign Exchange News from Top Tier Sources, and Social Trading and Copy Trading. Popular pairs like EUR/USD, GBP/JPY, and USD/JPY are available, providing traders with plenty of options to diversify their portfolios. The entities above are duly authorized to operate under the Exness brand and trademarks. Our mission is to make Forex VPS stable, affordable, and simple to all traders. Our proprietary Exness Trade app is available in the majority of countries where we accept registrations. Execute your orders in milliseconds, no matter how big they are. The registered office of E​xness SC LTD is at 9A, CT House, 2nd Floor, Providence, Mahe, Seychelles. Indices trading on Standard MT4 accounts is only available for select account currencies. Islamic swap free account. EToro ASIC Regulation 2024: Supervision, Investor Protections, and More. The terminal supports a wide variety of order types – market, limit, stop, stop limit, you name it. The minimum deposit requirement for this account type is $1, making it accessible for anyone wanting to try out trading with Exness. Com website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute any motive or suggestion to visitors to invest money. Below we outline the essential steps involved in initiating a withdrawal. It enables a trader to manage the risks in volumed tradings. Such proactive measures enhance overall trader safety and equip individuals with the tools necessary for sustainable success in Forex trading. We can’t be held liable for any deposit or withdrawal processing delays that are caused by payment systems. EAs Expert Advisors are used to facilitate automated trading through the use of features including breakout trading, trailing stops, and hedging techniques. While we’re working on expanding the presence of Exness Trade app across various regions and app stores such as Google Play and App Store, you can still trade with Exness on the go by downloading the MetaTrader 4 or MetaTrader 5 mobile apps.

Research

Exness VG Ltd operates under this website for the provision of services to selected jurisdictions outside the European Economic Area EEA. However, due to a country restriction I was unable to test the app even with a VPN. 200 7:00 20:59 GMT+0, 60 21:00 6:59 GMT+0. The Exness bonus program is more than just a financial opportunity. The MT5 demo account provides an immersive experience with advanced charting capabilities, more timeframes, economic calendars, and additional technical indicators. Feel free to peruse all our posts about online trading for a comprehensive experience. We believe in creating ecosystems of benefit for traders, partners, and employees to thrive within. The app guides you step by step through the deposit or withdrawal process, from selecting your preferred payment method and currency to entering the amount and confirming the transaction. The Exness Group operates numerous entities including. This virtual currency is large so that investors can best see how the markets move. They were established in 2008 and now have over 209,000 active traders with $4. Exness KE Limited is registered in Kenya with registration number PVT LRUDJJB and is regulated by the Capital Markets Authority in Kenya as a Non dealing Online Foreign Exchange Broker under license number 162. Exness is regulated with 3 Top tier regulatory authorities. The EPS available include Neteller, Skrill, Perfect Money, and Sticpay. With no unnecessary delays. Striking the right balance in strategic communication can be tricky. E​xness SC Ltd ​is a Securities Dealer registered in Seychelles with registration number 8423606 1 and authorised by the Financial Services Authority FSA with licence number SD025. Concluding a contract with a broker is a mandatory process. A trading account is an account used to trade on the trading platforms available to Exness users. The entities above do not offer services to residents of certain jurisdictions including the USA, Canada, Iran, North Korea, Europe, the United Kingdom, Russia, Belarus and others. The registered office of Exness VG Ltd is at Trinity Chambers, P. Exness complies with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard PCI DSS to ensure your security and privacy. We offer impartial reviews of online brokers that are hand written, edited and fact checked by our research team, which spends thousands of hours each year assessing trading platforms. Lowest spreads with fixed commission per lot. Both the trade copier and the strategy provider can earn from profitable trades.

Automated trading

Risk Warning: Our services relate to complex derivative products which are traded outside an exchange. Once your funds leave our custody, it’s up to your chosen payment provider to process the funds and credit your account. The information on this website is not intended for distribution or use by any person in any country or jurisdiction, where such distribution or use would be in violation of the local law or regulation. Delay and sometimes completely avoid stop outs while trading with Exness. Exness SC Ltd is a Securities Dealer registered in Seychelles with registration number 8423606 1 and authorised by the Financial Services Authority FSA with licence number SD025. The registered office of Exness B. All websites and web based platforms are tested using the latest version of the Google Chrome browser. At Exness, you can enjoy trading CFDs on more than 200 instruments, which include trading forex currency pairs, metals, cryptocurrencies, stocks, indices and energies. The registered office of Exness B. The Exness account holder’s complete name, address, and issue date must be present in the POR document. Verification typically takes 1 2 business days. Making Your Initial Deposit. The maximum lot size available is fixed at 20 lots per position from 21:00 to 06:59 GMT+0 across all Exness account types, for all crypto and indices, and for the following commodities: UKOIL, USOIL, XNGUSD, XAUUSD, XAGUSD, XAGAUD, XAGGBP, XAGEUR, XPDUSD, XPTUSD, XALUSD, XCUUSD, XZNUSD, XPBUSD. Contrariwise, long term investors may lean more toward accounts emphasizing predictive traits, finding that familiarity produces favorable outcomes. The Act created a new regulatory framework for financial services and abolished the Financial Services Authority. Trading in CFDs carries a high level of risk thus may not be appropriate for all investors. Com helps investors across the globe by spending over 1,000 hours each year testing and researching online brokers. General Risk Warning: CFDs are leveraged products. These platforms are renowned for their extensive charting tools, technical indicators, and capabilities for algorithmic trading.

Pepperstone M Pesa – Deposits and Withdrawals

While some brokers allow traders to open accounts with no minimum deposit or offer demo accounts for practice, meeting the minimum deposit is essential for accessing the full benefits of the Pro Account, including tighter spreads, instant execution, and enhanced leverage. After creating the necessary shortcuts, you can start using the client terminal. Under no circumstances shall Exness have any liability to any person or entity for any loss or damage in whole or part caused by, resulting from, or relating to any investing activity. Beginners may benefit from starting with a Cent Account or Standard Account to gain experience without risking significant capital. Our research focuses heavily on the broker’s custody of client deposits and the breadth of its client offering. To view or add a comment, sign in. The first step consists of providing the country of residence, e mail address, and the desired password, which loads the Exness Terminal. Any interaction with this website constitutes an individual and voluntary operation on the part of the person accessing it. Risk Warning: Our services relate to complex derivative products which are traded outside an exchange.

More time to make decisions

Informasi di situs web ini hanya boleh disalin atas izin tegas dan tertulis dari Exness. You are also able to create your own expert advisor and scripts using MetaQuotes Language 4 MQL4 or import a new Expert Advisor easily. Trading in CFDs carries a high level of risk thus may not be appropriate for all investors. Traders who are frequently on the move have found the mobile app to be a convenient way to manage their trades and monitor the markets. If you have an existing Exness account, you can get a cashback rebate by following these easy steps. Suppose you are experiencing a problem with your MetaTrader software during installation and use a proxy. If you encounter issues during the verification process. Eight international regulators. Engaging in such verification helps traders make informed decisions and avoid potential pitfalls. In summary, Exness has implemented comprehensive measures to protect client funds and data, including top tier regulation, advanced technological safeguards, and a solid operational history. The registered office of E​xness SC Ltd is at 9A CT House, 2nd floor, Providence, Mahe, Seychelles. To find your trading account number, follow these steps.

Meta

This is much better than the industry average of 1. Exness KE Ltd is registered in Kenya with registration number PVT LRUDJJB and is regulated by the Capital Markets Authority in Kenya as a Non dealing Online Foreign Exchange Broker under license number 162. Subject to trading instrument. While it might seem attractive, high leverage trading is dangerous to the retail client. Exness is one of the industry leaders. Make deposits using Visa or Mastercard. 27 Aug 2020 I was long on Gold perfect entry no drawdown. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money. Exness Go Legal in India 2024 As the world of online trading continues to expand, the question of whether Exness will. ²Deposit fees may be applied to specific payment methods to maintain the integrity of our payment processes. The entities above do not offer services to residents of certain jurisdictions including the USA, Canada, Iran, North Korea, Europe, the United Kingdom, Russia, Belarus and others. Before delving into the specifics of depositing and withdrawing funds, it’s essential to understand what Exness offers its users. E​xness SC Ltd is also authorized as an Over The Counter Derivatives Provider ODP by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority FSCA in South Africa. By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement, Privacy Policy, and Cookie Policy. In this scenario, the trader pays a fixed spread of three pips when entering the trade. The “Accounts” tab allows you to access your Personal Area, view free margin, order history, and account details. Really Amazing and safe. The information on this website does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation or a solicitation to engage in any investment activity. ¹At Exness, 95% of withdrawals are processed instantly under 1 minute. As a result just because I still gain good profit here – 4 stars. Make sure to provide as much detail as possible when describing your issue, as this will facilitate faster resolution and help you regain access to your funds seamlessly. Is at Emancipatie Boulevard Dominico F. Access popular global indices like the Dow Jones, NASDAQ, FTSE 100, and NIKKEI 225. This website and its content should not be understood as an invitation for the contracting and/or acquisition of Exness’ financial services and products. Additionally, the Financial Services Compensation Scheme FSCS backs FCA regulated forex brokers, offering increased security for traders in the event of a broker failing financially. We would appreciate it if you could provide more information to help us serve you better. Its like saying I am a married man regulated by my wife to not cheat on her told by my local priest sarcasm and i am just 19 year old. All of your documents, particularly the official and financial ones, must have the same format.

What is the maximum lot size for trading during night time?

Discover how self esteem can foster assertiveness, enhancing communication and conflict resolution for better employee relations. This website and its content should not be understood as an invitation for the contracting and/or acquisition of Exness’ financial services and products. You will be asked to provide your country of residence, email address, and password. It basically lets you trade more, with the same amount of money in your trading account. Other popular currency pairs that traders like to add to their portfolios are FX minors. Ethereum vs US Dollar. Exness holds client funds in segregated bank accounts. Moreover, we hereby warn you that trading on the Forex and CFD markets is always a high risk. Yeah, sometimes we just need patience until things fixes themselves ????Good luck. Multi account provided and leverage is flexible. On all of the Exness account options over 120 currency pairs can be traded with maximum leverage settings of 1:2 and up to 1:Unlimited. Exness Broker’s customer support team is multilingual, catering to the diverse needs of its global client base. Under no circumstances shall the Company have any liability to any person or entity for any loss or damage in whole or part caused by, resulting from, or relating to any transactions related to Investing. The registered office of Exness VG Ltd is at Trinity Chambers, P. The Raw Spread and cTrader accounts charge a commission starting from $3. The company is recommended for beginner traders and experienced investors. E​xness SC LTD ​is a Securities Dealer registered in Seychelles with registration number 8423606 1 and authorised by the Financial Services Authority FSA with licence number SD025. Trade on the financial markets using Expert Advisors even when your own computer is turned off. Traders pay swap rates on leveraged overnight positions, which triple on Wednesday to account for trades kept open over the weekend if they keep them open past 5 p. Com A Product of Intergo Interactive Ltd. No, Exness does not have an office in Brazil. Clicking and dragging the mouse across the chart or rolling the mouse wheel will scroll the time period shown on the chart. Exness ZA PTY Ltd is authorised by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority FSCA in South Africa as a Financial Service Provider FSP with registration number 2020/234138/07 and FSP number 51024. Exness is a trustworthy broker.

Private

The Exness Trade app simplifies the process of managing your trading account by allowing you to directly deposit and withdraw funds using the mobile application. ⁴Best spreads refers to average or max spreads offered by Exness, excluding agents’ commission for XAUUSD for the first two seconds after high impact news, from January to May 2024, compared with five other large brokers. This includes answering some basic questions about your source of income, the industry of your profession, and trading experience. Social trading is an excellent practice for beginners who can copy the actions of experienced traders and, through copying, profit from profitable deals. Technical Trading Support. Zero deposit and withdrawal fees Depends on the payment system;. If you’re not regularly succeeding in your trades, using high leverage could lead to bigger losses. In order to trade, you need to create a trading account and deposit funds into it. Risk Warning: Our services relate to complex derivative products which are traded outside an exchange. Risk Warning: Our services relate to complex derivative products which are traded outside an exchange. If you need assistance with your transaction, go to your Transaction history, select the transaction you need help with, and choose Get support to raise a support request. Although an unverified Exness account allows users to begin trading, the available features are limited compared to a fully verified account. Areas for Improvement: The broker could focus on providing more advanced and specialized content, as well as interactive elements like webinars and quizzes to engage traders. The Raw Spread account, with its ultra low spreads and fast execution speeds, is ideal for scalping. Sign up and experience the advantages of our most popular account. Should the withdrawal currency mismatch with the account base currency, Exness levies a currency conversion fee displayed on the withdrawal screen. Maintaining adequate margin levels is crucial for avoiding margin calls and ensuring uninterrupted trading activity. Could you provide more details on this topic to ensure a detailed and engaging write up. These products come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage and thus are not appropriate for all investors. Get comfortable with trading platform tools and features. All the services on the Tradersunion. It’s packed with features for both technical and fundamental analysis, helping traders spot market trends. Forex, metals, cryptoсurrencies, energies, stocks, indices. It permits you to trade financial markets without downloading any programs. This diversity of assets allows traders to build well rounded portfolios, providing opportunities to profit from multiple markets. ⁴Best spreads refers to average or max spreads offered by Exness, excluding agents’ commission for XAUUSD for the first two seconds after high impact news, from January to May 2024, compared with five other large brokers. Different account types offer varying conditions, which can significantly influence the profitability and risk level of trades.

Can I withdraw funds to an account that is not my own?

Your order will trigger once the market touches the designated price points. LinkedIn is better on the app. Check out our dedicated guide on Best forex trading platforms. 200 7:00 20:59 GMT+0, 60 21:00 6:59 GMT+0. Exness is one of the world’s largest brokers, known for its competitive trading conditions, high security, and wide selection of assets. Click on it to proceed with the account opening process. Is a Securities Intermediary registered in Curaçao with registration number 1486980 and authorised by the Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten CBCS with licence number 0003LSI. Exness ensures a seamless withdrawal process, allowing traders to access funds instantly and reduce risks of delays. Free to download right on our website, Exness provides traders with MetaTrader 4 trading platform for trading currency pairs and other financial instruments through contract for differences CFDs. FXVM guarantees 100% uptime, ensuring, you’re always market ready, no matter what. But it can also lead to greater losses if you don’t combine it with a well thought out risk management strategy. The information on this website may only be copied with the express written permission of Exness. Tips on using the Exness demo account. You can trade with a variety of products. The registered office of Exness VG Ltd is at Trinity Chambers, P. These products come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage and thus are not appropriate for all investors. A novice trader gains experience, learns the basic workings of trading on Forex, without risking funds. Exness withdrawal limits vary on each payment method, which is disclosed on the “Withdrawal” tab before choosing your preferred option. To start trading using the Exness Web Terminal, first log in with your Exness account credentials. US Wall Street 30 Index. Think of forex trading indicators as your trading GPS system. A look at Exness supported deposit and withdrawal methods. Courtyard, 2nd Floor, General Mathenge Road, Westlands, Nairobi. Our team spends thousands of hours per annum researching brokers and gathering information about them to help investors all over the world to choose reliable companies and to avoid fraudsters. The commission free Standard and Standard Cent accounts are ideal for casual and beginner traders. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the various aspects of opening an Exness real account, from choosing the right account type to connecting your trading platform. With over 21,000 attendees, we were thrilled to showcase Exness’ cutting edge trading solutions and explore new opportunities together. Exness places a strong emphasis on the security of its clients’ funds and personal information. While Pro, Zero, and Raw Spread require a minimum deposit of $200, Standard and Standard Cent typically have no minimum requirement.

Better than market conditions, fairly competitive fees

The registered office of Exness VG Ltd is at Trinity Chambers, P. The information on this website does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation or a solicitation to engage in any investment activity. Key functions include opening, closing, and modifying orders, as well as deleting pending orders. ²Deposit fees may be applied to specific payment methods to maintain the integrity of our payment processes. With multiple local and international payment providers, you have the freedom to choose. These include CFDs on Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin, with Bitcoin available in BTCUSD, BTCKRW, BTCJPY and more. As mentioned above, each type of account has unique characteristics suitable to each person’s needs. Trading in CFDs carries a high level of risk thus may not be appropriate for all investors. Some traders like to work from home, while others might trade on the bus or in a cafe. Your thoughts matter to us. Get comfortable with trading platform tools and features. Why choose MetaTrader 5 excess. For details on the exact account currencies, please follow the link for trading on indices and their contract specifications. This keeps trading fees somewhat predictable to traders, allowing them to plan ahead. Date of experience: October 14, 2024.

Next Article

There are many reasons for losses: unrealistic expectations and greed, poor placement of stops and targets, laziness in researching and monitoring trades. The positive sentiment surrounding user experiences highlights how Exness continues to foster an environment of continued growth and learning. Trailing stop loss orders are not available, and applying time in force conditions to orders is impossible. AED ARS AUD AZN BDT BHD BND BRL CAD CHF CNY EGP EUR GBP GHS HKD HUF IDR INR JOD JPY KES KRW KWD KZT MAD MXN MYR NGN NZD OMR PHP PKR QAR SAR SGD THB UAH UGX USD UZS VND XOF ZAR. Margin in online forex trading is basically the amount of money that you need to open a position. Access popular global indices like the Dow Jones, NASDAQ, FTSE 100, and NIKKEI 225. Get your deposits and withdrawals approved the moment you click the button. It has established itself as a reliable broker with a diverse range of financial instruments, competitive spreads, and robust trading platforms. The registered office of E​xness SC LTD is at 9A, CT House, 2nd Floor, Providence, Mahe, Seychelles. You are also able to create your own expert advisor and scripts using MetaQuotes Language 4 MQL4 or import a new Expert Advisor easily. Both documents must be clear and legible.

Min Deposit

E​xness SC Ltd ​is a Securities Dealer registered in Seychelles with registration number 8423606 1 and authorised by the Financial Services Authority FSA with licence number SD025. While individual traders may not face severe legal penalties, their funds could be at risk, and they may have limited options if disputes arise. ³Spreads may fluctuate and widen due to factors including market volatility, news releases, economic events, when markets open or close, and the type of instruments being traded. This exciting program allows participants to profit from promoting Exness online, and referring new clients to the Exness platform. In this guide, we will provide a comprehensive overview of how to withdraw money from Exness India, along with key details and tips to make the process efficient and secure. Under no circumstances shall Exness have any liability to any person or entity for any loss or damage in whole or part caused by, resulting from, or relating to any investing activity. Any interaction with this website constitutes an individual and voluntary operation on the part of the person accessing it. For additional information, read our full Exness broker review. Leverage works by allowing traders to amplify their exposure to the market without needing to invest a large amount of their own capital. The familiarization helps a trader choose the best trading platform that better suits their needs. While there is no limit on orders that can be opened, the Exness Pro Account offers low spreads and zero commissions for instant execution. By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement, Privacy Policy, and Cookie Policy. It does not account for your specific financial situation or goals.

This entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.